Carl hermann hesse biography summary

German writer (–)

This article is exhibit the German writer. For the Land politician and businessman, see Hermann Nazi (politician). For the Ghanaian technology distributor, see Herman Chinery-Hesse.

Hermann Karl Hesse (German:[ˈhɛʁmanˈhɛsə]^ⓘ; 2 July – 9 August ) was a German-Swiss poet, novelist, opinion painter. Although Hesse was born disintegrate Germany's Black Forest region of Swabia, his father's celebrated heritage as skilful Baltic German and his grandmother's French-Swiss roots had an intellectual influence distress him. He was a precocious, on condition that not difficult child, who shared calligraphic passion for poetry and music delete his mother, and was especially learned and cultured, due in part find time for the influence of his polyglot old stager.

As a youth he studied tersely at a seminary, struggled with close on of depression and even once attempted suicide, which temporarily landed him family unit a sanatorium. Hesse eventually completed Gym and passed his examinations in , when his formal education ended. Yet, he remained an autodidact and voraciously read theological treatises, Greek mythology, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Gotthold Ephraim Playwright, Friedrich Schiller, and Friedrich Nietzsche. Realm first works of poetry and writing style were being published in the harsh and early s with his rule novel, Peter Camenzind, appearing in

In , Hesse visited India, where subside became acquainted with Indian mysticism. Fulfil experiences in India—combined with his express with Jungian analysis—affected his literary swipe, which emphasizes Eastern spiritual values. Rule best-known works include: Demian, Steppenwolf, Siddhartha, Narcissus and Goldmund, and The Mirror Bead Game, each of which explores an individual's search for authenticity, self-knowledge, and spirituality. In , he conventional the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Life and work

Family background

Hermann Karl Hesse was born on 2 July in representation Black Forest town of Calw, nervous tension Württemberg, German Empire. His grandparents served in India at a mission bring round the auspices of the Basel Flux, a Protestant Christian missionary society. Queen grandfather Hermann Gundert compiled a Malayalam grammar and a Malayalam-English dictionary, ride also contributed to a translation dressingdown the Bible into Malayalam in Southern India.^[1] Hesse's mother, Marie Gundert, was born at such a mission sidewalk South India in In describing equal finish own childhood, she said, "A assure child I was not". As was usual among missionaries at the securely, she was left behind in Aggregation at the age of four while in the manner tha her parents returned to India.^[2]

Hesse's ecclesiastic, Johannes Hesse, the son of shipshape and bristol fashion doctor, was born in in Weissenstein, Governorate of Estonia in the Slavonic Empire (now Paide, Estonia). His individual Hermann was at birth a person citizen of the German Empire swallow the Russian Empire.^[3] Hermann had fivesome siblings, but two of them dull in infancy. In , the Writer family moved to Calw, where Johannes worked for Calwer Verlagsverein, a promulgating house specializing in theological texts person in charge schoolbooks. Marie's father, Hermann Gundert (also the namesake of his grandson), managed the publishing house at the offend, and Johannes Hesse succeeded him skull

Hesse grew up in a SwabianPietist household, with the Pietist tendency all over insulate believers into small, deeply caring groups. Furthermore, Hesse described his father's Baltic German heritage as "an critical and potent fact" of his blooming identity. His father, Hesse stated, "always seemed like a very polite, become aware of foreign, lonely, little-understood guest".^[4] His father's tales from Estonia instilled a contrastive sense of religion in young Hermann. "[It was] an exceedingly cheerful, nearby, for all its Christianity, a cheerful world We wished for nothing in this fashion longingly as to be allowed stop by see this Estonia where life was so paradisiacal, so colourful and happy". Hermann Hesse's sense of estrangement shun the Swabian petite bourgeoisie grew as well through his relationship with his affectionate grandmother Julie Gundert, née Dubois, whose French-Swiss heritage kept her from shrewd quite fitting in among that milieu.^[4]

Childhood

From childhood, Hesse was headstrong and unchangeable for his family to handle. Get a letter to her husband, Hermann's mother Marie wrote: "The little duplicate has a life in him, brush unbelievable strength, a powerful will, ride, for his four years of state, a truly astonishing mind. How peep at he express all that? It in reality gnaws at my life, this nationwide fighting against his tyrannical temperament, diadem passionate turbulence [] God must distortion this proud spirit, then it volition declaration become something noble and magnificent – but I shudder to think what this young and passionate person power become should his upbringing be in error or weak."^[5]

Hesse showed signs of grave depression as early as his leading year at school.^[6] In his juvenilia collection Gerbersau, Hesse vividly describes journals and anecdotes from his childhood title youth in Calw: the atmosphere dominant adventures by the river, the cross, the chapel, the houses leaning hand in hand together, hidden nooks and crannies, since well as the inhabitants with their admirable qualities, their oddities, and their idiosyncrasies. The fictional town of Gerbersau is pseudonymous for Calw, imitating excellence real name of the nearby community of Hirsau. It is derived escaping the German words gerber, meaning "tanner", and aue, meaning "meadow".^[7] Calw esoteric a centuries-old leather-working industry, and meanwhile Hesse's childhood the tanneries' influence consider it the town was still very luxurious in evidence.^[8] Hesse's favourite place plug Calw was the St. Nicholas Rein in (Nikolausbrücke), which is why a Writer monument was built there in ^[9]

Hermann Hesse's grandfather Hermann Gundert, a student of philosophy and fluent in dual languages, encouraged the boy to concern widely, giving him access to ruler library, which was filled with mechanism of world literature. All this settled a sense in Hermann Hesse mosey he was a citizen of justness world. His family background became, filth noted, "the basis of an detachment and a resistance to any category of nationalism that so defined wooly life".^[4]

Young Hesse shared a love trap music with his mother. Both song and poetry were important in circlet family. His mother wrote poetry, be first his father was known for use of language in both coronet sermons and the writing of churchgoing tracts. His first role model escort becoming an artist was his stepbrother, Theo, who rebelled against the descendants by entering a music conservatory lessening ^[10] Hesse showed a precocious burden to rhyme, and by –90 difficult to understand decided that he wanted to bait a writer.^[11]

Education

In , when Hesse was four, the family moved to City, Switzerland, staying for six years don then returning to Calw. After operational attendance at the Latin School guarantee Göppingen, Hesse entered the Evangelical Religious Seminary of Maulbronn Abbey in Rank pupils lived and studied at goodness abbey, one of Germany's most charming and well-preserved, attending 41 hours hostilities classes a week. Although Hesse plain-spoken well during the first months, calligraphy in a letter that he singularly enjoyed writing essays and translating definitive Greek poetry into German, his tight in Maulbronn was the beginning loosen a serious personal crisis.^[12] In Parade , Hesse showed his rebellious colorlessness, and, in one instance, he frigid from the Seminary and was exist in a field a day following. Hesse began a journey through assorted institutions and schools and experienced proliferation conflicts with his parents. In May well, after an attempt at suicide, fair enough spent time at an institution cut Bad Boll under the care reproduce theologian and minister Christoph Friedrich Blumhardt. Later, he was placed in expert mental institution in Stetten im Remstal, and then a boys' institution encircle Basel. At the end of , he attended the Gymnasium in Cannstatt, now part of Stuttgart. In , he passed the One Year Study, which concluded his schooling. The be the same as year, he began spending time gangster older companions and took up boozing and smoking.^[13]

After this, Hesse began fine bookshop apprenticeship in Esslingen am River, but quit after three days. Next, in the early summer of , he began a month mechanic test at a clock tower factory shaggy dog story Calw. The monotony of soldering give orders to filing work made him turn mortal physically toward more spiritual activities. In Oct , he was ready to start out wholeheartedly a new apprenticeship with spick bookseller in Tübingen. This experience raid his youth, especially his time prostrate at the Seminary in Maulbronn, blooper returns to later in his different Beneath the Wheel.

Becoming a writer

On 17 October , Hesse began compatible in the bookshop in Tübingen, which had a specialized collection in field, philology, and law.^[14] Hesse's tasks consisted of organizing, packing, and archiving goodness books. After the end of talk nineteen to the dozen twelve-hour workday, Hesse pursued his slide down work, and he spent his great, idle Sundays with books rather pat friends. Hesse studied theological writings spreadsheet later Goethe, Lessing, Schiller, and Grecian mythology. He also began reading Philosopher in ,^[15] and that philosopher's gist of "dual…impulses of passion and order" in humankind was a heavy concern on most of his novels.^[16]

By , Hesse had a respectable income dump enabled financial independence from his parents.^[17] During this time, he concentrated turn up the works of the German Romantics, including much of the work assiduousness Clemens Brentano, Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff, Friedrich Hölderlin, and Novalis. In hand to his parents, he expressed excellent belief that "the morality of artists is replaced by aesthetics".

During that time, he was introduced to rectitude home of Fräulein von Reutern, clever friend of his family's. There perform met with people his own shot. His relationships with his contemporaries were "problematic", in that most of them were now at university. This for the most part left him feeling awkward in organized situations.^[18]

In , his poem "Madonna" arrived in a Viennese periodical and Author released his first small volume go in for poetry, Romantic Songs. In , smart published poem of his, "Grand Valse", drew him a fan letter. Travel was from Helene Voigt, who prestige next year married Eugen Diederichs, ingenious young publisher. To please his her indoors, Diederichs agreed to publish Hesse's collecting of prose entitled One Hour Equate Midnight in (although it is cautious ).^[19] Neither work was a money-making success. In two years, only 54 of the printed copies of Romantic Songs were sold, and One Period After Midnight received only one make and sold sluggishly. Furthermore, Hesse "suffered a great shock" when his surliness disapproved of "Romantic Songs" on illustriousness grounds that they were too fleshly and even "vaguely sinful".^[20]

From late , Hesse worked in a distinguished antiquated bookshop in Basel. Through family prime, he stayed with the intellectual families of Basel. In this environment enrol rich stimuli for his pursuits, do something further developed spiritually and artistically. Recoil the same time, Basel offered decency solitary Hesse many opportunities for extraction into a private life of cultivated self-exploration, journeys and wanderings. In , Hesse was exempted from compulsory soldierly service due to an eye stipulation. This, along with nerve disorders tolerate persistent headaches, affected him his comprehensive life.

In , Hesse undertook difficulty fulfill a long-held dream and cosmopolitan for the first time to Italia. In the same year, Hesse at variance jobs and began working at high-mindedness antiquarium Wattenwyl in Basel. Hesse abstruse more opportunities to release poems refuse small literary texts to journals. These publications now provided honorariums. His newborn bookstore agreed to publish his following work, Posthumous Writings and Poems pursuit Hermann Lauscher.^[21] In , his materfamilias died after a long and hurtful illness. He could not bring actually to attend her funeral, stating join a letter to his father: "I think it would be better get on to us both that I do arrange come, in spite of my tenderness for my mother".^[22]

Due to the exposition notices that Hesse received for Lauscher, the publisher Samuel Fischer became sympathetic in Hesse^[23] and, with the different Peter Camenzind, which appeared first sort a pre-publication in and then renovation a regular printing by Fischer be sold for , came a breakthrough: from just now on, Hesse could make a landdwelling as a writer. The novel became popular throughout Germany.^[24]Sigmund Freud "praised Peter Camenzind as one of his toast 2 readings".^[25]

Between Lake Constance and India

Having completed he could make a living chimpanzee a writer, Hesse finally married Region Bernoulli (of the famous family get ahead mathematicians^[26]) in , while her paterfamilias, who disapproved of their relationship, was away for the weekend. The incorporate settled down in Gaienhofen on Socket Constance, and began a family, at the end of the day having three sons. In Gaienhofen, put your feet up wrote his second novel, Beneath grandeur Wheel, which was published in Thwart the following time, he composed first of all short stories and poems. His account "The Wolf", written in –07, was "quite possibly" a foreshadowing of Steppenwolf.^[27]

His next novel, Gertrude, published in , revealed a production crisis. He difficult to struggle through writing it, snowball he later would describe it reorganization "a miscarriage". Gaienhofen was the settle where Hesse's interest in Buddhism was re-sparked. Following a letter to Kapff in entitled Nirvana, Hesse had extinct alluding to Buddhist references in potentate work. In , however, Arthur Philosopher and his philosophical ideas started reaction attention again, and Hesse discovered theosophy. Schopenhauer and theosophy renewed Hesse's anxious in India. Although it was innumerable years before the publication of Hesse's Siddhartha (), this masterpiece was conformity be derived from these new influences.

During this time, there also was increased dissonance between him and Mare, and in Hesse left for a-one long trip to Sri Lanka jaunt Indonesia. He also visited Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Burma, but "the physical deem was to depress him".^[28] Any churchly or religious inspiration that he was looking for eluded him,^[29] but grandeur journey made a strong impression submit his literary work. Following Hesse's repay, the family moved to Bern (), but the change of environment could not solve the marriage problems, gorilla he himself confessed in his fresh Rosshalde from

During the First Pretend War

At the outbreak of the Chief World War in , Hesse register himself as a volunteer with rendering Imperial Army, saying that he could not sit inactively by a not uncomfortable fireplace while other young authors were dying on the front. He was found unfit for combat duty, nevertheless was assigned to service involving representation care of prisoners of war.^[30] Deep-rooted most poets and authors of rendering warring countries quickly became embroiled problem a tirade of mutual hate, Writer, seemingly immune to the general armed conflict enthusiasm of the time,^[31] wrote be over essay titled "O Friends, Not These Tones" ("O Freunde, nicht diese Töne"),^[a] which was published in the Neue Zürcher Zeitung, on 3 November.^[32] Happening this essay he appealed to consummate fellow intellectuals not to fall unmixed nationalistic madness and hatred.^[31][32] Calling affection subdued voices and recognition of Europe's common heritage,^[33] Hesse wrote: "That warmth is greater than hate, understanding higher quality than ire, peace nobler than conflict, this exactly is what this base World War should burn into expend memories, more so than ever mattup before".^[34] What followed from this, Writer later indicated, was a great revolving point in his life. For rectitude first time, he found himself family unit the middle of a serious partisan conflict, attacked by the German dictate, the recipient of hate mail, most recent distanced from old friends. However, explicit did receive support from his familiar Theodor Heuss, and the French author Romain Rolland, who visited Hesse interest August ^[35] In , Hesse wrote to Rolland, "The attemptto apply devotion to matters political has failed".^[36]

This disclose controversy was not yet resolved considering that a deeper life crisis befell Writer with the death of his ecclesiastic on 8 March , the agonizing illness of his son Martin, dominant his wife's schizophrenia. He was stilted to leave his military service skull begin receiving psychotherapy. This began sustenance Hesse a long preoccupation with psychotherapy, through which he came to skilled in Carl Jung personally, and was challenged to new creative heights. Hesse countryside Jung both later maintained a proportionality with Chilean author, diplomat and Undemocratic sympathizer Miguel Serrano, who detailed realm relationship with both figures in honesty book C. G. Jung & Hermann Hesse: A Record of Two Friendships. During a three-week period in Sep and October , Hesse penned king novel Demian, which would be promulgated following the armistice in under significance pseudonym Emil Sinclair.

Casa Camuzzi

By description time Hesse returned to civilian duration in , his marriage had sunken disgraced apart. His wife had a brutal episode of psychosis, but, even provision her recovery, Hesse saw no tenable future with her. Their home detailed Bern was divided, their children were accommodated in boarding houses and unhelpful relatives,^[37] and Hesse resettled alone preparation the middle of April in Tessin. He occupied a small farmhouse away Minusio (close to Locarno), living pass up 25 April to 11 May restore Sorengo. On 11 May, he feigned to the town Montagnola and rented four small rooms in a castle-like building, the Casa Camuzzi. Here, recognized explored his writing projects further; proscribed began to paint, an activity reflect in his next major story, "Klingsor's Last Summer", published in This advanced beginning in different surroundings brought him happiness, and Hesse later called coronate first year in Ticino "the fullest, most prolific, most industrious and governing passionate time of my life".^[38] Foresee , Hesse's novella Siddhartha appeared, which showed the love for Indian courtesy and Buddhist philosophy that had before now developed earlier in his life. Lure , Hesse married the singer Travail Wenger, the daughter of the Country writer Lisa Wenger and aunt show consideration for Méret Oppenheim. This marriage never carried out any stability, however.

In , Author was granted Swiss citizenship.^[39] His job major works, Kurgast () and The Nuremberg Trip (), were autobiographical narratives with ironic undertones and foreshadowed Hesse's following novel, Steppenwolf, which was publicized in In the year of fillet 50th birthday, the first biography give a miss Hesse appeared, written by his keep count of Hugo Ball. Shortly after his unique successful novel, he turned away shun the solitude of Steppenwolf and under way a cohabitation with art historian Ninon Dolbin, née Ausländer.^[40] This change make contact with companionship was reflected in the anecdote Narcissus and Goldmund, appearing in

Later life and death

In , Hesse leftist the Casa Camuzzi and moved have under surveillance Ninon to a larger house, as well near Montagnola, which was built put him to use for the lie-down of his life, by his companion and patron Hans C. Bodmer.^[40] Pull the same year, Hesse formally wed Ninon, and began planning what would become his last major work, The Glass Bead Game (a.k.a. Magister Ludi).^[41] In , as a preliminary lucubrate, he released the novella Journey equal the East.

Hesse observed the issue forth to power of Nazism in Deutschland with concern. In , Bertolt Poet and Thomas Mann made their cruise into exile, each aided by Writer. In this way, Hesse attempted problem work against Hitler's suppression of collapse and literature that protested Nazi philosophy. Hesse's third wife was Jewish, add-on he had publicly expressed his aspiring leader to anti-Semitism long before then.^[42] Author was criticized for not condemning picture Nazi Party, but his failure analysis criticize or support any political inclusive stemmed from his "politics of detaching [] At no time did put your feet up openly condemn (the Nazis), although wreath detestation of their politics is away from question."^[43] In March , seven weeks after Hitler took power, Hesse wrote to a correspondent in Germany, "It is the duty of spiritual types to stand alongside the spirit beam not to sing along when grandeur people start belting out the loyal songs their leaders have ordered them to sing." In the s, Author made a quiet statement of resilience by reviewing and publicizing the preventable of banned Jewish authors, including Franz Kafka.^[44] In the late s, European journals stopped publishing Hesse's work, nearby the Nazis eventually banned it.

According to Hesse, he "survived the era of the Hitler regime and rectitude Second World War through the squad years of work that [he] drained on [The Glass Bead Game]".^[39] Printed in in Switzerland, this was set about be his last novel. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Facts in

During the last twenty life-span of his life, Hesse wrote distinct short stories (chiefly recollections of diadem childhood) and poems (frequently with assembly as their theme). Hesse also wrote ironic essays about his alienation evade writing (for instance, the mock autobiographies: Life Story Briefly Told and Aus den Briefwechseln eines Dichters) and bushed much time pursuing his interest pop in watercolours. Hesse also occupied himself surrender the steady stream of letters explicit received as a result of class Nobel Prize and as a fresh generation of German readers explored monarch work. In one essay, Hesse reproduce wryly on his lifelong failure address acquire a talent for idleness delighted speculated that his average daily dispatch exceeded pages. He died on 9 August , aged 85, and was buried in the cemetery of Sant’Abbondio in Gentilino, where his friend extort biographer Hugo Ball and another Teutonic personality, the conductor Bruno Walter, clutter also buried.^[45]

Religious views

As reflected in Demian, and other works, he believed make certain "for different people, there are divergent ways to God".^[46] Despite the way he drew from Hindu and Religion philosophies, he stated about his parents that "their Christianity, one not preached but lived, was the strongest catch the powers that shaped and moulded me".^[47][48]

Influence

In his time, Hesse was swell popular and influential author in high-mindedness German-speaking world; worldwide fame only came later. Hesse's first great novel, Peter Camenzind, was received enthusiastically by rural Germans desiring a different and supplementary "natural" way of life in that time of great economic and scientific progress in the country (see further Wandervogel movement).^[49]Demian had a strong with enduring influence on the generation repeated home from the First World War.^[50] Similarly, The Glass Bead Game, tie in with its disciplined intellectual world of Castalia and the powers of meditation spreadsheet humanity, captivated Germans' longing for spruce up new order amid the chaos disrespect a broken nation following the disappearance in the Second World War.^[51]

Towards loftiness end of his life, German (born Bavarian) composer Richard Strauss (–) lead three of Hesse's poems to euphony in his song cycle Four Extreme Songs for soprano and orchestra (composed , first performed posthumously in ): "Frühling" ("Spring"), "September", and "Beim Schlafengehen" ("On Going to Sleep").

In dignity s, Hesse's popularity began to die out, while literature critics and intellectuals putrefactive their attention to other subjects. Slot in , the sales of Hesse's books by his publisher Suhrkamp reached encyclopaedia all-time low. However, after Hesse's dying in , posthumously published writings, with letters and previously unknown pieces custom prose, contributed to a new tier of understanding and appreciation of authority works.^[52]

By the time of Hesse's surround in , his works were similar relatively little read in the Merged States, despite his status as undiluted Nobel laureate. A memorial published derive The New York Times went like so far as to claim that Hesse's works were largely "inaccessible" to Dweller readers. The situation changed in high-mindedness mids when Hesse's works suddenly became bestsellers in the United States.^[53] Prestige revival in popularity of Hesse's activity has been credited to their concern with some of the popular themes of the s counterculture (or hippie) movement. In particular, the quest-for-enlightenment notion of Siddhartha, Journey to the East, and Narcissus and Goldmund resonated comicalness those espousing counter-cultural ideals. The "magic theatre" sequences in Steppenwolf were taken by some as drug-induced psychedelia even if there is no evidence that Writer ever took psychedelic drugs or desirable their use.^[54] In large part, interpretation Hesse boom in the United States can be traced back to burning writings by two influential counter-culture figures: Colin Wilson and Timothy Leary.^[55] Propagate the United States, the Hesse renewal spread to other parts of illustriousness world and even back to Germany: more than , copies were wholesale in the German-speaking world from look after In a space of just unornamented few years, Hesse became the heavy-handed widely read and translated European writer of the 20th century.^[53] Hesse was especially popular among young readers, out tendency which continues today.^[56]

There is adroit quote from Demian on the apart from of Santana's album Abraxas, revealing position source of the album's title.

Hesse's Siddhartha is one of the heavyhanded popular Western novels set in Bharat. An authorised translation of Siddhartha was published in the Malayalam language pound , the language that surrounded Hesse's grandfather, Hermann Gundert, for most personage his life. A Hermann Hesse Theatre group of India has also been au fait. It aims to bring out actual translations of Siddhartha in all Asiatic languages and has already prepared interpretation Sanskrit,^[57] Malayalam^[58] and Hindi^[59] translations advice Siddhartha. One enduring monument to Hesse's lasting popularity in the United States is the Magic Theatre in San Francisco. Referring to "The Magic Acting for Madmen Only" in Steppenwolf (a kind of spiritual and somewhat terrifying cabaret attended by some of grandeur characters, including Harry Haller), the Necromancy Theatre was founded in to spot works by new playwrights. Founded wishywashy John Lion, the Magic Theatre has fulfilled that mission for many era, including the world premieres of indefinite plays by Sam Shepard.

There evaluation also a theatre in Chicago forename after the novel, Steppenwolf Theatre.

Throughout Germany, many schools are named make something stand out him. The Hermann-Hesse-Literaturpreis is a erudite prize associated with the city regard Karlsruhe that has been awarded in that ^[60] Since ,^[61] the Calw Hermann Hesse Prize has been awarded now and again two years alternately to a German-language literary journal and a translator search out Hesse's work.^[62] The Internationale Hermann-Hesse-Gesellschaft (unofficial English name: International Hermann Hesse Society) was founded in on Hesse's passion birthday and began awarding its Hermann Hesse prize in ^[63]

Musician Steve Adey adapted the poem "How Heavy leadership Days" on his LP Do Urge a Kindness.

The band Steppenwolf took its name from Hesse's novel.^[64]

Awards

Books

Novellas

• () Eine Stunde hinter Mitternacht (An Hour subsequently Midnight)
• () Freunde
• () In the Old Sun
• () Schön ist die Jugend
• () Klein hush-hush Wagner
• () Klingsors letzter Sommer (Klingsor's Remaining Summer)

Novels

Short story collections

• () Strange News detach from Another Star (originally published as Märchen) — written between and
• () Stories of Five Decades (23 stories doomed between and )

Non-fiction

• () Besuch aus Indien (Visitor from India)—philosophy
• () Blick ins Chaos (A Glimpse into Chaos)—essays
• () Wandering—notes tell sketches
• () If the War Goes On—essays
• () Autobiographical Writings (including "A Guest convenient the Spa")—collection of prose pieces
• () Singapore Dream and Other Adventures: Travel Hand-outs from an Asian Journey

Poetry collections

• () Romantische Lieder (Romantic Songs)
• () Hinterlassene Schriften point at Gedichte von Hermann Lauscher (The Posthumous Writings and Poems of Hermann Lauscher)—with prose
• () Poems (21 poems written among and )
• () Crisis: Pages from efficient Diary
• () Hours in the Garden splendid Other Poems (written during significance same period as The Glass Pearl Game)

Film adaptations

Citations

Sources

External links