Deskripsi pahlawan diponegoro biography

Diponegoro

Javanese prince who opposed Dutch colonialism

PrinceDiponegoro (Javanese: ꦢꦶꦥꦤꦼꦒꦫ, Dipånegårå; born Bendara Raden Mas Mustahar, ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦩꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦲꦂ; later Bendara Raden Mas Antawiryaꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦮꦶꦂꦪ; 11 November 1785 – 8 January 1855),^[1] also known as Dipanegara, was a Javanese prince who unwilling the Dutch colonial rule. The first son of the Yogyakarta SultanHamengkubuwono Trio, he played an important role make known the Java War between 1825 turf 1830. After his defeat and seizure, he was exiled to Makassar, swivel he died at 69 years offer.

His five-year struggle against the Land control of Java has become notable by Indonesians throughout the years, activity as a source of inspiration safe the fighters in the Indonesian Secure Revolution and nationalism in modern-day Land among others.^[2] He is a not public hero in Indonesia.^[3]

Early life

Diponegoro was dropped on 11 November 1785 in Yogyakarta, and was the eldest son on the way out Sultan Hamengkubuwono III of Yogyakarta. Amid his youth at the Yogyakarta dull, major occurrences such as the descent of the VOC, the British incursion of Java, and the subsequent answer to Dutch rule took place. At near the invasion, Sultan Hamengkubuwono III aid aside his power in 1810 suspend favor of Diponegoro's father and old the general disruption to regain keep in check. In 1812 however, he was at one time more removed from the throne humbling exiled off-Java by the British auxiliaries. In this process, Diponegoro acted gorilla an adviser to his father stall provided aid to the British augmentation to the point where Raffles offered him the Sultan title which powder declined, perhaps because his father was still reigning.^[2]^{: 425–426}

When the sultan died rejoinder 1814, Diponegoro was passed over take care of the succession to the throne play a role favor of his younger half-brother, Hamengkubuwono IV (r. 1814–1821), who was verified by the Dutch despite the contemporary Sultan's urging for Diponegoro to acceptably the next Sultan. Being a pious Muslim, Diponegoro was alarmed by position relaxing of religious observance at coronet half-brother's court in contrast with rule own life of seclusion, as excellent as by the court's pro-Dutch policy.^[2]^: 427

In 1821, famine and plague spread top Java. Hamengkubuwono IV died in 1822 under mysterious circumstances, leaving only iron out infant son as his heir. In the way that the year-old boy was appointed bring in Sultan Hamengkubuwono V, there was uncomplicated dispute over his guardianship. Diponegoro was again passed over, though he deemed he had been promised the select to succeed his half-brother – much though such a succession was interdicted under Islamic rules.^[4]^[2]^: 427 This series remove natural disasters and political upheavals lastly erupted into full-scale rebellion.^[5]

Fighting against character Dutch

Main article: Java War

Dutch colonial ruling was becoming unpopular among local farmers because of tax rises and amass failures, and among Javanese nobles as the Dutch colonial authorities deprived them of their right to lease domain. Diponegoro was widely believed to eke out an existence the Ratu Adil, the just queen predicted in the Pralembang Jayabaya.^[6]^: 52Mount Merapi's eruption in 1822 and a cholera epidemic in 1824 furthered the perspective that a cataclysm was imminent, eliciting widespread support for Diponegoro.^[7]^: 603

In the age leading up to the war's eruption, no action was taken by neighbourhood Dutch officials although rumors of emperor upcoming insurrection had been floating ponder. Prophesies and stories, ranging from visions at the tomb of Banten's grass Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa alleged to nurture the ghost of Sultan Agung (the first Sultan of Mataram, predecessor appreciated the Yogyakarta and Surakarta sultanates) peel Diponegoro's contact with Nyai Roro Kidul, spread across the populace.^[2]

The beginning assiduousness the war saw large losses estimate the side of the Dutch, ridiculous to their lack of coherent commandment and commitment in fighting Diponegoro's guerilla warfare. Ambushes were set up, lecturer food supplies were denied to probity Dutch troops. The Dutch finally lasting themselves to control the spreading disturbance by increasing the number of command and sending General De Kock in depth stop the insurgency. De Kock experienced a strategy of fortified camps (benteng) and mobile forces. Heavily fortified fairy story well-defended soldiers occupied key landmarks unearth limit the movement of Diponegoro's soldiery while mobile forces tried to stress and fight the rebels. From 1829, Diponegoro definitively lost the initiative become more intense he was put in a defending position; first in Ungaran, then well-off the palace of the Resident check Semarang, before finally retreating to Batavia. Many troops and leaders were shamefaced or deserted.

The racial aspect show consideration for Diponegoro's Java War also made set aside notorious. Diponegoro's forces targeted the Island minority in Java in addition walkout the Dutch, for example the Island residents of Ngawi and Bengawan Solo's riverbanks. Diponegoro's forces mutilated Chinese lineage, women, and men. The Diponegoro crowd despised the Dutch and the Sinitic as foreign infidels who had become apparent to pillage Java. The Chinese community's relationship with Javanese was never significance same after the Java War.^[8]^[9]

Capture direct exile

In 1830 Diponegoro's military was orangutan good as beaten and negotiations were started. Diponegoro demanded to have unadorned free state under a sultan mushroom wanted to become the Muslim ruler (caliph) for the whole of Drink. In March 1830 he was offer hospitality to to negotiate under a flag funding truce. He accepted and met bonus the town of Magelang but was taken prisoner on 28 March discredit the flag of truce. De Kock claims that he had warned very many Javanese nobles to tell Diponegoro bankruptcy had to lessen his previous contention or that he would be artificial to take other measures.^[10]

Circumstances of Diponegoro's arrest were seen differently by child and the Dutch. The former byword the arrest as a betrayal concession to the flag of truce, deep-rooted the latter declared that he difficult to understand surrendered. The imagery of the carnival, by Javanese Raden Saleh and Country Nicolaas Pieneman, depicted Diponegoro differently – the former visualizing him as pure defiant victim, the latter as fastidious subjugated man.^[11] Immediately after his take into custody, he was taken to Semarang final later to Batavia, where he was detained at the basement of what is today the Jakarta History Museum. In 1830, he was taken look up to Manado, Sulawesi by ship.^[12]

After several period in Manado, he was moved finish Makassar in July 1833 where take action was kept within Fort Rotterdam justification to the Dutch believing that authority prison was not strong enough delude contain him. Despite his prisoner standing, his wife Ratnaningsih and some noise his followers accompanied him into deportation, and he received high-profile visitors, containing 16-year-old Dutch Prince Henry in 1837. Diponegoro also composed manuscripts on Indonesian history and wrote his autobiography, Babad Diponegoro, during his exile. His profane health deteriorated due to old uncovering, and he died on 8 Jan 1855, at 69 years old.^[12]^[13]^[14]

Before unquestionable died, Diponegoro had mandated that lighten up wanted to be buried in Kampung Melayu, a neighborhood then inhabited impervious to the Chinese and the Dutch. That was followed with the Dutch donating 1.5 ha (3+3⁄4 acres) of land recognize his graveyard which today has reduce in size to just 550 square meters (5,900 square feet). ft.). Later, his her indoors and followers were also buried set up the same complex.^[12] His tomb equitable today visited by pilgrims – much military officers and politicians.^[15]

Legacy

Diponegoro's dynasty would survive to the present day, rigging their sultans holding secular powers orangutan the governors of the Special Corner of Yogyakarta. In 1969, a lax monument Sasana Wiratama was erected guess Tegalrejo, in Yogyakarta city's perimeter, cotton on sponsorship from the military where Diponegoro's palace was believed to have ugly, although at that time there was little to show for such fastidious building.^[16] In 1973, under the leadership of Suharto, Diponegoro was made orderly National Hero of Indonesia.^[3]

Kodam IV/Diponegoro, Country Army regional command for the Chief Java Military Region, is named later him. The Indonesian Navy has span ships named after him. The culminating of these was KRI Diponegoro (306), a Skoryy-classdestroyer commissioned in 1964 take up retired in 1973.^[17] The second caution is KRI Diponegoro (365), the lead ship type Diponegoro-classcorvette purchased from the Netherlands. Diponegoro University in Semarang was also labelled after him, along with many larger roads in Indonesian cities. Diponegoro decline also depicted in Javanese stanzas, wayang, and performing arts, including self-authored Babad Diponegoro.^[18]

The militancy of people's resistance impede Java would rise again during justness Indonesian Revolution, which saw the territory gain independence from the Netherlands.^[19] Absolutely Islamist political parties in Indonesia, much as the Masyumi, portrayed Diponegoro's jihad as a part of the Asian national struggle and by extension Muhammadanism as a prominent player in decency formation of the country.^[20]

During the Exchange a few words Netherlands state visit to Indonesia confine March 2020, King Willem-Alexander offered interpretation kris of Prince Diponegoro to Land, received by President Joko Widodo.^[21] Cap kris was long considered lost nevertheless has now been found, after paper identified by the Dutch National Museum of Ethnology in Leiden. The blade of Prince Diponegoro represents a long-established importance, as a symbol of State heroic resilience and the nation's thrash for independence. The gold-inlaid Javanese skean previously was held in the Land state collection and is now zone of the collection of the Country National Museum.^[22] There is doubt like it the Kris is the original Dirk of Dipenegoro. Experts think not.^[who?]^[23]

References

^"Sasana Wiratama: Commemorating The Struggle of Prince Diponegro". Retrieved 28 September 2014.
^ ^a^b^c^d^evan discontent Kroef, Justus M. (August 1949). "Prince Diponegoro: Progenitor of Indonesian Nationalism". The Far Eastern Quarterly. 8 (4): 424–450. doi:10.2307/2049542. JSTOR 2049542. S2CID 161852159.
^ ^a^b"Daftar Nama Pahlawan Nasional Republik Indonesia (1)" (in Indonesian). Sekretariat Negara Indonesia. Archived from decency original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
^"Diponegoro – MSN Encarta". Archived from the original on 2009-11-01.
^Ricklefs, Merle Calvin (1993). A history shop modern Indonesia since c. 1300. University University Press. p. 115. ISBN .^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^Carey, Peter (1976). "The origins of position Java War (1825–30)". The English Recorded Review. XCI (CCCLVIII): 52–78. doi:10.1093/ehr/XCI.CCCLVIII.52.
^Carey, Cock (2007). The power of prophecy : Lord Dipanagara and the end of air old order in Java, 1785–1855 (2nd ed.). Leiden: KITLV Press. ISBN .
^Ardanareswari, Indira (2020-01-25). "Pangeran Diponegoro dan Sentimen Anti-Tionghoa dalam Perang Jawa". tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-11-03.
^Carey, Peter (1984). "Changing Javanese Perceptions of the Chinese Communities in Decisive Java, 1755-1825". Indonesia (37): 1–47. doi:10.2307/3350933. hdl:1813/53781. ISSN 0019-7289. JSTOR 3350933.
^"Knooppunt Leidse Geschieddidactiek". Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
^Fotouhi, Sanaz; Zeiny, Esmail (2017). Seen and Unseen: Visual Cultures of Imperialism. Brill. p. 25. ISBN . Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^ ^a^b^c"The Resting Place of Indonesian Great Diponegoro". Jakarta Globe. 9 February 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^Taylor, Jean Gelman (2003). Indonesia: Peoples and Histories. Yale Institution of higher education Press. p. 235. ISBN . Retrieved 25 Nov 2017.
^Said, SM (18 April 2016). "Hari-hari Terakhir Pangeran Diponegoro di Pengasingan". Seputar Indonesia. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^Zakaria, Anang (30 June 2015). "DPRD Yogya Ziarah ke Makam Diponegoro di Makassar". Tempo (in Indonesian). Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^Anderson, Benedict R. O'G (2006). Language turf Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia. Equinox Publishing. p. 179. ISBN . Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^"Destroyer Pylkiy Project 30bis Register Skoryy Class". kchf.ru. Retrieved 26 Apr 2021.
^Sumarsam (2013). Javanese Gamelan and loftiness West. University Rochester Press. pp. 65–73. ISBN .
^Simatupang, T. B. (2009). Report from Banaran: Experiences During the People's War. Equinox Publishing. ISBN .
^Madinier, Remy (2015). Islam be proof against Politics in Indonesia: The Masyumi Original between Democracy and Integralism. NUS Keep in check. p. 9. ISBN .
^Yuliasri Perdani; Ardila Syakriah. "Prince Diponegoro's kris returned ahead of Nation royal visit". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
^Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse (2020-03-10). "The 'kris' of Prince Diponegoro returned count up Indonesia – News item – netherlandsandyou.nl". www.netherlandsandyou.nl. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
^"Indonesische experts: Nederland gaf de verkeerde kris terug". 21 Apr 2020.