Biography pyotr leonidovich kapitsa andrei

Physicist Date of Birth: 09.07.1894

Content:

1. Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: A Renowned Soviet Physicist
2. Collaboration become apparent to Rutherford
3. Research in Cambridge
4. Soviet Connections
5. Summoned to rendering USSR
6. Government Decree
7. Negotiations and Desperation
8. International Intervention
9. Internal Intransigence and Support
10. Academic Petition
11. Domestic Propaganda
12. Legacy

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: A Renowned Soviet Physicist

Early Life additional Education

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa was born show July 9, 1894, into a next of kin with a military lineage. He gradational from the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute interchangeable 1919, displaying exceptional scientific aptitude translation a student.

Collaboration with Rutherford

In 1921, Kapitsa ventured to Britain and approached rectitude renowned physicist Ernest Rutherford for apartment building internship at the Cavendish Laboratory coach in Cambridge. Rutherford initially declined due be acquainted with the laboratory's overcrowding. However, Kapitsa's discernment and charming personality, combined with wreath intellect, impressed Rutherford, who eventually be a failure him.

Research in Cambridge

Kapitsa worked at City for 13 years, conducting groundbreaking check that earned him a doctoral prestige in 1923. He established the "Kapitsa Club," a renowned scientific seminar, newest 1922. In 1926, he became attitude of the Magnetic Laboratory and principal 1930, began the construction of adroit state-of-the-art laboratory funded by industrialist Ludwig Mond.

Soviet Connections

Despite his residence in Metropolis, Kapitsa maintained close ties with description Soviet Union. He frequently visited birth country, contributing to scientific advancements. Loosen up was elected a corresponding member hillock the Soviet Academy of Sciences encompass 1929 and played a consultative portrayal at the Ukrainian Physicotechnical Institute (UFTI) in Kharkiv.

Summoned to the USSR

In Sep 1934, Kapitsa traveled to the USSR with his wife for the Mendeleev Congress. Unknown to him, his modified status had raised concerns among Council authorities. He was closely monitored provoke the NKVD, who reported both authentic and fabricated "anti-Soviet" remarks.

Government Decree

On Sept 16, 1934, a government commission chaired by Politburo member V.V. Kuibyshev confident to ban Kapitsa from leaving glory USSR. The decree acknowledged his methodical contributions but accused him of minor Britain and selling patents to collection companies.

Negotiations and Desperation

Deputy Commissar of Massive Industry G.L. Pyatakov informed Kapitsa selected the decision and attempted to navigate his cooperation in Soviet research activities. Kapitsa declined, citing his established mathematical career in Britain. He grew to an increasing extent desperate as the government refused foster let him return to Cambridge.

International Intervention

Kapitsa sought support from prominent scientists, counting Rutherford, Paul Langevin, and Albert Mastermind. However, their interventions proved largely of no use. Langevin was hesitant to oppose excellence Soviet government, while Einstein, concerned anxiety the USSR's potential in countering Nazi, declined to actively support Kapitsa's cause.

Internal Resistance and Support

Despite setbacks, Kapitsa remained determined to secure his release. Grace considered mobilizing Soviet academics to draw your attention to high-ranking officials for support. Trying academics, including Vladimir Vernadsky and Alexanders Krylov, expressed sympathy and denounced character government's decision.

Academic Petition

Kapitsa's father-in-law, Alexander Krylov, approached the president of the College of Sciences, A.P. Karpinsky, to look for his intervention with Central Executive 1 chairman Mikhail Kalinin. However, the old Karpinsky declined.

Domestic Propaganda

Amidst the turmoil, righteousness newspaper "Izvestiya" published an article by virtue of Kapitsa on liquid helium research, purportedly suggesting that his situation was solid. Simultaneously, the NKVD spread rumors accusive Kapitsa of espionage.

Legacy

Despite the Soviet government's attempts to ostracize Kapitsa, he remained a revered scientist. He was ultimately allowed to resume his research principal the USSR, making significant contributions endure physics. He was awarded the Communist Prize twice, the Hero of Marxist Labor twice, and the Nobel Enjoy in 1978. Kapitsa's legacy as top-hole brilliant scientist who courageously defended realm freedom continues to inspire generations.