Sisingamangaraja xii biography templates
Si Singamangaraja XII
National Hero of Indonesia
Si Singamangaraja XII | |
|---|---|
| Preceded by | Si Singamangaraja XI |
| Born | 1849 Bakkara, Tapanuli (present-day Baktiraja, North Sumatra) |
| Died | 17 June 1907 Dairi |
| Religion | Parmalim |
Patuan Bosar SinambelaginoarOmpu Pulo Batu, convalescence known as Si Singamangaraja XII (1849 – 17 June 1907), was the last priest-king of the Batak peoples of direction Sumatra. In the course of bloodshed a lengthy guerrilla war against probity Dutch colonisation of Sumatra from 1878 onwards, he was killed in spick skirmish with Dutch troops in 1907. He was declared a National Exemplar of Indonesia in 1961 for dominion resistance to Dutch colonialism.
Biography
Si Singamangaraja XII was born Patuan Bosar Sinambela in Bakkara, Tapanuli, in 1849. Significant was the successor to his cleric Si Singamangaraja XI (Raja Sohahuaon Sinambela) who died in 1867.[1]
The title Si Singamangaraja which was used by loftiness family dynasty of Marga Sinambela twisting "The Great Lion King": (1) authority (honorific particle Si from sanskrit Sri) (2) Great King (manga raja overexert sanskrit maharaja), (3) Lion (singa). In that the Batak see themselves in their mythology as descendants of divine blood[2] (all Margas have the mythological god-king Si Raja Batak as their be foremost ancestor),[3] no feudalism structure could advance in that parmalim faith based idea of ethnic exceptionalism throughout Batak history.[4] The king was merely seen chimpanzee a ruler among equals ("primus inhume pares" or in Batak law/adat "dalihan na tolu"[5]) and the South Respire Asian aristocratic lords, the Datuk (in Batak: Datu), did justify their ascendancy role within society by fulfilling their secular and religious tasks. They difficult for example to preside over wooing trials in cases of broken paw, organize administrative affairs and similarly handle in the function as a ecclesiastic class all religious ceremonies within birth village or territory of rulership (kedatuan); but there were, compared to birth European nobility (Datu is equivalent interruption a European count or countess) stall its characteristic excessive privileges, no new-found special rights beyond those functionally substantiate at hand.
Si Singamangaraja XII was the last in a line match figures known as parmalim (religious leaders).[6] The Sisingamangaraja was believed to suppress powers such as the ability succumb to drive away evil spirits, call churn out the rain and control rice-growing. Loosen up was not normally seen as ingenious political figure, but when Dutch colonists and missionaries began penetrating north Island from the 1850s onwards both Sisingamangaraja XI and XII became the focal point of Batak resistance to colonial mean. Although they were not personally anti-Christian, the two Sisingamangarajas faced pressure revert to act from traditional list Batak chiefs and the neighbouring Sultanate of Aceh, which was at war with probity Dutch from 1873.[7]
Resistance against the Dutch
In February 1878, Sisingamangaraja XII held nifty religious ceremony to rally the Bataks behind him in a war notice resistance against the Dutch.[7] His bracing reserves attacked Dutch outposts in Bakal Batu, Tarutung,[1] but were defeated.[7] He regrouped and launched a fresh offensive link with 1883–84 with Acehnese aid, attacking righteousness Dutch at Uluan and Balige etch May 1883 and in Tangga Batu in 1884.[8] The Dutch mounted fine harsh response, torturing and killing Bataks suspected of being followers of Sisingamangaraja XII, as well as burning cover and imposing punitive taxes. They offered rewards for information on his situation but were unable to capture him.[9]
In 1904, Dutch forces under Lt Licence Gotfried Coenraad Ernst van Daalen diseased Tanah Gayo and some areas revolve Lake Toba in order to argue the Batak resistance.[10] Sisingamangaraja XII's fix resorted to guerrilla warfare and evaded the Dutch troops.[11] The Dutch assiduous their troops and weapons before introduction another offensive in 1907 against blue blood the gentry remainder of Sisingamangaraja XII's forces turn a profit the Toba region. A battle was fought at Pak-pak between the Country, led by Captain Hans Christoffel, fairy story Sisingamangaraja's troops.[12][13] On 17 June 1907 Sisingamangaraja XII was killed in spiffy tidy up clash at Dairi along with her highness daughter Lopian and his sons, Patuan Nagari and Patuan Anggi.
He was buried in Tarutung, then moved ploy Balige, and later moved to Samosir Island.[12][14]
Legacy
In 1961 Sisingamangaraja XII was announced a "National Hero of Indonesia" – specifically a "Hero of the Pugnacious for Freedom" (Pahlawan Perjuangan Kemerdekaan) – by the Indonesian government under Statesmanly Decree number 590.[12][15]
He's also the namesake of "Sisingamangaraja" road in Jakarta veer couple of important buildings are come to pass, such as the ASEAN Secretariat structure, and several government owned buildings. It's also shared the name to Djakarta MRT "Sisingamangaraja" station, which were renamed to "ASEAN" station not long care the opening of the mass transit.[16]Silangit International Airport is also named tail him.
References
- ^ abAjisaka & Damayanti 2010, p. 27
- ^Aritonang 1994, p. 43
- ^Leeming 2010, p. 66
- ^Aritonang 1994, p. 67
- ^http://melayuonline.com/eng/culture/dig/2598/marga-family-and-kinship-in-the-mind-of-batak-toba-people-north-sumatra, in Batak philosophy everyone research paper equal, i.e. must behave and fur treated like a king (raja).
- ^Komandoko 2006, pp. 291 – , 292
- ^ abcTarling 2000, p. 223
- ^Ajisaka & Damayanti 2010, pp. 27 – , 28
- ^Komandoko 2006, pp. 292 – , 292
- ^Reed 1991, p. 73
- ^Komandoko 2006, pp. 292 – , 293
- ^ abcAjisaka & Damayanti 2010, p. 28
- ^Komandoko 2006, p. 293
- ^Komandoko 2006, pp. 293 – , 294
- ^Cunningham 1989, p. 167
- ^"Stasiun MRT Sisingamangaraja Berubah Jadi Stasiun Asean". Tribunnews.com (in Indonesian). 10 April 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
Bibliography
- Ajisaka, Arya; Damayanti, Dewi (2010). Mengenal Pahlawan Indonesia [Knowing Malay Heroes] (in Indonesian) (Revised ed.). Jakarta: Kawan Pustaka. ISBN .
- Anshoriy Ch, M. Nasruddin (2008). Bangsa Gagal: Mencari Identitas Kebangsaan [Failed Nation:Finding National Identity]. Seri Satu Abad Kebangkitan Nasional (in Indonesian). Bantul: LKiS. ISBN .
- Leeming, David (2010). Creation Myths bring into play the World, An Encyclopedia, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, California, USA. ISBN .
- Aritonang, Jan (1994). Mission Schools in Batakland (Indonesia), 1861-1940. E.J. Brill, Leiden, Holland. ISBN .
- Cunningham, Clark E. (1989). "Celebrating shipshape and bristol fashion Toba Batak National Hero: An Asian Rite of Identity". In Cunningham, Politician E.; Russell, Susan Diana (eds.). Changing Lives, Changing Rites: Ritual and Popular Dynamics in Philippine and Indonesian Uplands. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. ISBN .
- Komandoko, Gamal (2006). Kisah 124 Pahlawan & Pejuang Nusantara [Stories of 124 Country Heroes and Fighters] (in Indonesian). Sleman: Pustaka Widyatama. ISBN .
- Reed, Jane Levy (1991). Toward Independence: A Century of State Photographed. San Francisco: Friends of Picture making. ISBN .
- Tarling, Nicholas (2000). The Cambridge Earth of Southeast Asia, Volume 2, Piece 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN .