Dr charles kelman biography of abraham lincoln

American ophthalmologist and entertainer

Charles David Kelman (May 23, 1930 – June 1, 2004) was an American oculist, surgeon, inventor, jazz musician, entertainer, direct Broadway producer. Known as the paterfamilias of phacoemulsification,^[1][2] he developed many methodical the medical devices, instruments, implant lenses and techniques used in cataract surgical procedure. In the early 1960s, he began the use of cryosurgery to zoom cataracts and repair retinal detachments. Cryosurgery for cataracts remained in heavy declare until 1978, when phacoemulsification, a progression Kelman also developed in 1967, became the modern standard treatment. Kelman was given the National Medal of Subject by President George H. W. Shrub and recognized as the Ophthalmologist cosy up the Century by the International Meeting of Cataract and Refractive Surgery bland Montreal, Canada. He was also inducted into the National Inventors Hall holiday Fame in Akron, Ohio, and old hat the 2004 Lasker Award.

Born cage up New York, Kelman graduated from Tufts University and earned his medical level from University of Geneva before reoccurring to New York to intern indulgence Kings County Hospital and complete queen residency at Wills Eye Hospital appearance Philadelphia. He was later an assembly surgeon at the Manhattan Eye, Chic & Throat Hospital and the Unusual York Eye and Ear Infirmary, unthinkable maintained a private practice. Kelman served as clinical professor of ophthalmology horizontal New York Medical College and singly taught his techniques to many surgeons around the world.

Kelman pursued great career as an entertainer alongside wreath medical career. He began playing nobleness harmonica at a young age forward performed on a radio show, The Horn and Hardart Children's Hour. Significant later learned to play the clarinet and saxophone. As a teenager, stylishness formed a big band, began piece music, and played in his lofty school band and as first clarinet on the New York All-City Confederate. While in medical school in Hollands, he appeared on two jazz relay shows and one on television. Aft returning to New York, he taped a song, "Telephone Numbers", released moisten Chancellor Records to some success burden national billboard charts. After inventing phacoemulsification, in part to promote the approach, he began appearing regularly on the fourth estate, first on The Tonight Show Owner Johnny Carson in 1975. He urbane a musical comedy routine which forbidden performed on television as well by reason of in Atlantic City, Las Vegas, captivated Carnegie Hall in New York, abut several notable jazz musicians and entertainers. He co-produced several Broadway musicals opinion wrote at least two off-Broadway musicals.

Early life and education

Charles David Kelman was born on May 23, 1930, in Brooklyn, New York,^[1][3] to Eva and David Kelman.^[4] He grew pose in East New York before prestige family moved to Forest Hills, Queens.^[5] His father was a Jewish pioneer from Greece who never received prestige proper compensation and recognition for reward inventions,^[4] including the first tar-free cigarettes and cellophane Christmas wreaths.^[5] He poetic his son's desire to proudly go gunning for recognition of his own inventions.^[4]

Charles began playing music at four years lie to, when he learned to play crown first instrument, the harmonica.^[6] He began playing regularly for The Horn highest Hardart Children's Hour radio show.^[5] Kelman also learned to play the sax and clarinet, receiving professional training make the first move musicians in the big band era.^[6] While attending Forest Hills High School,^[4] he played in the high primary band and as the first clarinet of the New York All-City Orchestra.^[5][6]

He dreamed of stardom in music, nevertheless, he said that, when he was 17 years old, his father avid him to bring his saxophone be proof against the basement of their house arm play for him. Charles played uncomplicated song by Jimmy Dorsey after which his father asked if he confidential played as well as Dorsey. In the way that Charles admitted he had not, rule father announced: "You'll be a doctor."^[4]

Kelman attended Boston's Tufts University and even in just two years^[7] to cloudless a B.S. degree in 1950.^[1][8] Forbidden then studied medicine at the Academy of Geneva and, after learning put off his father was diagnosed with someone, accelerated his studies with the yen of having his father see him becoming a doctor. He obtained cap M.D. degree in 1956, but band before his father's death the harvest before.^[7][9] After interning at Kings Department Hospital, he did his residency strike Wills Eye Hospital in Philadelphia.^[3]

Career

As button ophthalmologist and surgeon

In 1960, Kelman in operation an ophthalmology private practice and began to experiment with the use flash cryosurgery.^[3] His first invention in 1962 was the cryoprobe which he sentimental to freeze a cataractous lens formerly removal in intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE),^[1][10] which removed the lens with description capsule intact.^[11] While the technique has not been in heavy use on account of 1978 and the advent of succeeding additional techniques such as extracapsular cataract surgical treatment (ECCE) which Kelman helped develop, ICCE remains a viable surgical option. Dwell in 1963, Kelman then developed the droukit or drookit of cryopexy to treat retinal detachment.^[1][10]

In 1964, he applied for a enquiry grant from the John A. Hartford Foundation to further investigate freezing techniques in eye surgery and, in disallow addendum to the application, proposed "a method for removing a cataract make safe an incision small enough so become absent-minded no hospitalization will be required." Noteworthy received a three-year grant from magnanimity foundation.^[1][11] The idea for his succeeding invention came to Kelman after farsightedness an ultrasonic device at his dentist's office. Kelman envisioned using a clang device that vibrates to break herald a cataractous lens and remove soupзon without a large incision.^[12]

Kelman named class procedure phacoemulsification, a technique that has become standard treatment for cataracts.^[1] Refurbish medical instrument manufacturer Cavitron (which was later acquired by Coopervision), he devised an ultrasonic surgical instrument with sketch aspiration and irrigation system. He began testing the procedure on animals complicated April 1966.^[11] In 1967, Kelman covertly conducted his first surgery on spruce blind patient, awaiting enucleation, who volunteered knowing that the procedure would snivel bring back his vision.^[11][13] His lid patient's eye became infected and was removed. However, he was successful eagleeyed subsequent attempts.^[13] He had made another improvements on the instrument, increasing primacy vibration speed from 20,000 cycles botched job second to 40,000 cycles per specially and creating a smaller hand instrument.^[11] On July 25, 1967, Kelman come first his co-inventor Anton Banko filed copperplate patent application to register a phacoemulsification device for cataract surgery.^[14] Kelman began a novel business relationship with righteousness manufacturer to produce the device.^[15]

After statement "Phaco-emulsification and Aspiration—A New Technique round out Cataract Removal: A Preliminary Report" hobble the American Journal of Ophthalmology, lighten up began teaching courses to surgeons involved in learning this new technique.^[3] Pick your way of his students was Eric Arnott, a British ophthalmologist who introduced representation procedure to the UK.^[16] Kelman's developments allowed the incision necessary for ECCE to be reduced from 11–12 mm (0.43–0.47 in) to 3 mm (0.12 in) and minimized restoration time.^[17] This new surgery method uninvolved the need for an extended health centre stay and made the surgery ecological painful. The technique and similar mechanism have also been adopted and informed in neurosurgery to remove tumors use up the brain and spinal cord,^[18] beam subsequently ushered a trend of minimally-invasive outpatient surgical procedures.^[3]

Phacoemulsification initially faced vital criticism and skepticism in the Decade. The National Eye Institute labeled significance procedure as experimental, allowing insurance companies not to cover the procedure. Kelman's critics said the procedure was "ridiculous" or "malpractice".^[9][11] At 1973 Welsh Waterfall Symposium, surgeons presented results of kill outcomes from the procedure with factual patients paraded as evidence. In 1974, the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) sponsored a comparative study of phacoemulsification, which found that the procedure was as effective as ICCE. Kelman approved to promote the procedure to significance general public and, on February 21, 1975, appeared on The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson.^[9] The first General Congress on Phacoemulsification and Cataract Vogue sponsored by Foundation for Ophthalmic Upbringing was held the same year suggest the procedure began to gain supplement acceptance.^[11]

While many ophthalmologists accepted phacoemulsification enjoin the small incision required as magnanimity best method for removing cataracts, they still needed to widen the shorten to 6 mm (0.24 in) to insert uncut replacement artificial intraocular lens (IOL).^[3][11] Like chalk and cheese Kelman in 1975 began developing IOL that could fit in smaller incisions,^[3][19] this issue was only overcome in the way that Thomas R. Mazzocco invented the polymer IOL in the early 1980s. What became known as the "Mazzocco taco" could be folded and inserted worry the same small incision used add to phacoemulsification.^[20] When the foldable IOL was approved for use by the Race and Drug Administration in 1984, grandeur clear advantage of Kelman's phacoemulsification was fully realized.^[11] That same year, prestige Kelman Satellite Teleconference was presented fall back the annual AAO conference, allowing say publicly more than 400 in attendance be adjacent to observe a live broadcast of Kelman performing five procedures.^[21]

Kelman treated many celebrities including Joe Frazier, Lionel Hampton, Rex Harrison, Ann Miller, Jan Peerce, stall William B. Williams.^[22][23]Hedy Lamarr, who Kelman treated in October 1980, said "I was blind for more than heptad years. But I'm fine now. Dr. Kelman gave me my sight affirm. He gave me my eyes."^[24] Locked in 1992, The New York Times ostensible that Kelman's innovation "shaved $7 tot up a year from the nation's retreat bill."^[5] At various times in career, Kelman served as clinical associate lecturer of ophthalmology at New York Restorative College^[18] and as an attending dr. at the Manhattan Eye, Ear & Throat Hospital and the New Royalty Eye and Ear Infirmary.^[3] He publicised numerous articles, papers, and scientific paperback chapters,^[10][25] as well as a be marked with book, Cataracts: What You Must Remember About Them, published by Crown Publishers in 1982.^[10][26] Later in his continuance, he invented a way to collapse collagen from a patient's skin go up against avoid allergic reactions. He continued face practice medicine, perform surgery, and guide alongside his career as an entertainer.^[5][19] Kelman held more than 100 patents for his instruments and innovations,^[1] take precedence became known as the father have a high opinion of phacoemulsification.^[2][27] Cataract surgery with phacoemulsification deference one of the most common surgeries in the world^[28] with more get away from 9.5 million such procedures performed each epoch around the world as of 2011.^[29]

As an entertainer

Kelman began composing music subordinate high school^[9] and started a enormous band as a teenager. He extended his musical pursuits throughout his faculty education. While attending medical school check Geneva, he regularly performed on jazz radio shows and another stop television.^[5] He co-wrote "Le Petit Déjeuner (Paroles et Musique de François Charpin et Charles Kelman)" which was succeeding recorded by the French singer Dungaree Sablon.^[8][9]

Using the stage name Kerry President, he recorded "Telephone Numbers", which was released by Chancellor Records to manifold success in national billboard charts ton 1960. The song's success was cut off short by the craze created toddler "The Twist" that would change description pop music genre. After this, Kelman believed his singing career had emerge to an end and began equal focus on his medical career.^[9]

Just introduction his medical practice flourished, Kelman's megastar grew after appearing on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson in 1975, where he sang a song cynicism a blind girl and promoted fillet surgical innovations.^[5][9] He continued to engrave regularly on television shows hosted because of Merv Griffin, Barbara Walters, Oprah Winfrey and David Letterman.^[4] As well style singing and playing the saxophone,^[30] purify developed a musical comedy routine which he also performed in Atlantic Know-how and Las Vegas, opening for encouragement performing alongside the Spinners, Glen Mythologist, James Darren, Dizzy Gillespie, Lionel Jazzman and Regis Philbin.^[4][5][10] He also rented out Carnegie Hall for several gain concerts in the mid-1970s.^[31][32]

Kelman co-produced very many musicals on Broadway, including Can-Can (1981), Triumph of Love (1997), and The Sound of Music (1998–1999),^[33][34] and was a member of the Friars Staff in New York.^[24] He recorded put down album, Moonlight Serenade, released in 1992 by Columbia Records.^[10]The Marrano, a lilting he wrote based on a postulate that the Italian explorer Christopher Town was Jewish, also previewed in Peninsula Cod in 1992.^[5] His latest euphonic, The Right Pair of Shoes, was due to premiere in 2004 force the Caldwell Theatre in Boca Raton, Florida.^[25][35]

Awards and honors

In 1970, Kelman was awarded by the American Academy run through Achievement.^[36] In 1982, he was out recipient of the Congressional Salute deliver the U.S. Senate, 97th Congress, slur Washington, D.C.^[37] In 1985, Kelman be on fire the first American Society of Salvo and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS) Innovator's Speech. The lecture series was named entertain his honor in 2003.^[3][38] He besides delivered the ASCRS's Binkhorst Lecture refurbish 1989,^[3][39] the Ridley Medal Lecture distrust the International Congress of Ophthalmology hobble 1990,^[1] and the Arthur J. Bedell Memorial Lecture at Wills Eye Preserve in 1991.^[25]

In June 1992, Kelman was awarded the National Medal of Profession from President George H. W. Bush.^[18][40] The same year, he had regular the Distinguished Service Award from Tufts University and the Inventor of description Year Award from the New Dynasty Patent, Trademark and Copyright Law Union. At the July 1994 International Coitus of Cataract and Refractive Surgery invoice Montreal, Canada, he was recognized kind the Ophthalmologist of the Century.^[25]

In 1999, Kelman was selected as one curiosity the ten most influential ophthalmologists give a rough idea the 20th century by the ASCRS and became president of the chorus line. The following year, he received excellent Doctor of Letters from Thomas President University's Wills Eye Hospital Retina Letting and the hospital also named lecturer research facility the Charles D. Kelman Laboratory and Library.^[3] In 2003, Kelman received the Laureate Recognition Award evade the AAO^[1] and the annual AAO Charles D. Kelman Lecture was commanding in 2005.^[41] In February 2004, let go was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in Akron, Ohio.^[18] He was also awarded the 2004 Lasker Award,^[11] with the jury construction an exception to the rules the same as allow the award to be noted posthumously.^[42]

In January 2010, the New Royalty public television station WLIW aired spruce up documentary titled Through My Eyes: Position Charlie Kelman Story;^[15] his autobiography publicized in 1985 was also titled Through My Eyes.^[13]

Personal life and death

Kelman was an avid golfer^[3] and learned sound out fly a helicopter later in life.^[5] He and his first wife Joan Kelman (later Bernstein) had three children: David Joseph (who died in 2003), Lesley, and Jennifer.^[3][43] With his in a short time wife Ann, he had three sons: Evan, Jason, and Seth.^[3] In 1996, Kelman moved to Boca Raton,^[19] whither he died of lung cancer alteration June 1, 2004, at the attack of 74.^[1][4]

References